Sexually transmitted infections

Clinical information

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can be caused by bacteria (e.g. Treponema pallidum, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma), viruses (e.g. HSV) or parasites (Trichomonas vaginalis), which are transmitted from person to person by vaginal, anal or oral sex. The course, symptoms and consequences of STIs can differ significantly depending on the causative pathogen. In many cases, the infection is asymptomatic, so that it remains undiscovered for a long time and is only diagnosed when it has become chronic. Infections with these pathogens often cause inflammation of the urogenital tract, which may ascend and lead to e.g. infertility.

In addition to the consequences for the patient, infections with most of the mentioned pathogens can also lead to intrauterine foetal loss, preterm birth or damage to the unborn child. Moreover, many pathogens can be transmitted to the newborn during birth, causing severe postnatal infections.

Diagnostics

The commonly used detection methods for STI are direct methods, in which the pathogen is detected by PCR or culture, and indirect methods, i.e. detection of pathogen-specific antibodies. Since detection by culturing is especially time-consuming and difficult for Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma and Treponema, other detection methods, e.g. PCR-based and/or serological procedures, are generally recommended or required for these pathogens.

Techniques

Method
Parameter
Substrate
Species
EUROLINE
Treponema pallidum
(TpN15, TpN17, TmpA, TpN47 separately)
EUROLINE
IIFT
Treponema pallidum
(FTA-ABS)
bacterial
smear
verification BIOCHIP
(2 BIOCHIPs per field)
T. pallidum
EUROLINE
positive control serum: IgG, human, 50x concentrated
for Treponema pallidum
EUROLINE
positive control serum: IgM, human, 50x concentrated
for Treponema pallidum
WESTERNBLOT
Treponema pallidum
Westernblot
WESTERNBLOT
antibodies against Treponema pallidum
IgG positive control
WESTERNBLOT
antibodies against Treponema pallidum
IgM positive control
ELISA
Treponema pallidum
antigen-coated
microplate wells
ELISA
Treponema pallidum
incl. IgG/RF absorbent
antigen-coated
microplate wells
ELISA
Treponema pallidum
Screen ELISA
antigen-coated
microplate wells
WESTERNBLOT
EUROLINE-WB
Treponema pallidum
plus cardiolipin
Westernblot
ELISA
CSQ pair of controls
anti-Treponema pallidum (IgG)
ELISA
Treponema pallidum
antibody determination in CSF
antigen-coated
microplate wells
IIFT
Treponema pallidum
(FTA-ABS)
bacterial
smears
verification BIOCHIP
(3 BIOCHIPs per field)
T. pallidum
T. phagedenis
ELISA
Chlamydia trachomatis
antigen-coated
microplate wells
ELISA
Chlamydia trachomatis
antigen-coated
microplate wells
ELISA
Chlamydia trachomatis
incl. IgG/RF absorbent
antigen-coated
microplate wells
IIFT
Anti-Chlamydia MIF
Chlamydia trachomatis
Chlamydia pneumoniae
Chlamydia psittaci
4 BIOCHIPs per field:
elementary bodies
and non-infected cells

EU 40
EU 40
EU 40
IIFT
Anti-Chlamydia MIF EUROPattern
Chlamydia trachomatis
Chlamydia pneumoniae
Chlamydia psittaci
4 BIOCHIPs per field:
elementary bodies
and non-infected cells

EU 40
EU 40
EU 40
IIFT
Chlamydia trachomatis
elementary bodies (MIF)
non-infected cells
(2 BIOCHIPs per field)
EU 40
EU 40
IIFT
Mycoplasma hominis
Ureaplasma urealyticum
infected cells
infected cells
non-infected cells
(3 BIOCHIPs per field)
EU 38
EU 38
EU 38
IIFT
Mycoplasma hominis EUROPattern
Ureaplasma urealyticum EUROPattern
infected cells
infected cells
non-infected cells
(3 BIOCHIPs per field)
EU 38
EU 38
EU 38
PCR
EURORealTime HSV-1/2
EUROArray
EUROArray HSV1/2 VZV
WESTERNBLOT
antibodies against Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
IgG positive control
ChLIA
Anti-Herpes simplex virus 1 ChLIA (IgG)
Antigen-coated magnetic particles
ChLIA
Control set Anti-Herpes simplex virus 1 ChLIA (IgG)
2 x 0.5 ml control 1/2
ChLIA
IDS HSV 1/2 IgM Control Set
3 x 1.5mL Control 1/2
ChLIA
IDS HSV 1/2 IgM

antigenic coated magnetic particles
ELISA
CSQ pair of controls
anti-HSV-1/2 Pool (IgG)
WESTERNBLOT
EUROLINE-WB
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1)
plus HSV-2 type-specific
glycoprotein G2
Westernblot
ELISA
Herpes simplex virus
(HSV-1/2 Pool)
antigen-coated
microplate wells
ELISA
Herpes simplex virus
(HSV-1/2 Pool)
antibody determination in CSF
antigen-coated
microplate wells
ELISA
Herpes simplex virus
(HSV-1/2 Pool)
incl. IgG/RF absorbent
antigen-coated
microplate wells
ChLIA
IDS HSV-1 IgG

antigenic coated magnetic particles
ELISA
Herpes simplex virus 1
(HSV-1)
antigen-coated
microplate wells
ChLIA
Anti-Herpes simplex virus 2 ChLIA (IgG)
Antigen-coated magnetic particles
ChLIA
Control set Anti-Herpes simplex virus 2 ChLIA (IgG)
2 x 0.5 ml control 1/2
ChLIA
IDS HSV-2 IgG

antigenic coated magnetic particles
ELISA
Herpes simplex virus 2
(HSV-2)
antigen-coated
microplate wells
ChLIA
IDS HSV 1/2 IgG Control Set
3 x 1.5mL Control 1/2
EUROArray
EUROArray HPV positive control
EUROArray
EUROArray HPV
EUROArray
GynTect®
EUROArray
EUROArray STI - 11
EUROArray
EUROArray STI - 7
EUROArray
EUROArray STI - CT/NG
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